Molecular Nanotechnology and Literature :: Cause Effect Science Technology Essays

Sub-atomic Nanotechnology and Literature Envision a reality where you could have anything you needed. Gold? Here it is. Another vehicle? Voila. Precious stones? Gracious, here, if it's not too much trouble have a portion of mine, there's additional in the back. Obviously, this isn't our reality at the present, yet it may be the universe of things to come. Sub-atomic nanotechnology will have the option to give whatever one needs or needs, for nothing or for a little measure of installment. In any case, it won't just influence business and material merchandise. It will influence medication, war and weaponry, law authorization, undercover work, amusement, removal of waste and trash, and even writing. Writing will maybe be influenced in a more prominent manner than one may might suspect. Be that as it may, before I get to that, let me clarify what, precisely, atomic nanotechnology is. In l 959, Nobel Prize-winning physicist Richard Feynman set forth a thought. His thought was that anything could be produced using the ground up, out of individual particles or atoms. This is nanotechnology: the working or control of individual iotas or atoms, each in turn, and situating and arranging them decisively and over and again, until enough aggregated to shape a huge scope, usable substance. Feynman didn't name it and blueprint the science, be that as it may. This was finished by K. Eric Drexler. In the 1970's, the point at which he was an understudy at MIT, Drexler concocted a thought of nanotechnology, and illustrated its potential employments. He believed that on the off chance that one had the capacity or innovation to work with singular iotas and atoms, at that point one could make a crate that would change basic materials into hamburger. It sounds peculiar, however that was the real trick. The thought was that you could open the entryway, hurl in some stuff, work the c ontrols, and two hours or so later: out moves some new hamburger. It sounds odd on the grounds that we are encouraged that meat originates from cows, not from a case of grass clippings and old tennis shoe insoles. Be that as it may, it truly bodes well. Steers utilize just a couple of materials when making meat: grass, air, water, daylight. At the point when they are processing that garbage, they are only revising the particles to frame trademark examples of hamburger. The main genuine distinction between the techniques for meat creation of dairy animals and Drexler's container is that bovines make hamburger utilizing proteins and fluids, where responsive operators haphazardly impact, and Drexler's crate makes meat precisely. Drexler states that the particles and molecules would need to be controlled by small, little robots, generally alluded to as constructing agents.

Pseudoscience and Astrology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Pseudoscience and Astrology - Essay Example The researchers are eager to concede that lone a piece of conventional visionary principle is deductively based: among them the astronomic information about the planets developments; arrangement of people’s mental states, character and practices; proficient mental phrasing, and so on. Attempting to demonstrate that crystal gazing is pseudoscience, the researchers in their basic works regularly depend upon the aftereffects of different factual research. There have been measurable research that followed the lives of individuals who were conceived around the same time and time, and the aftereffects of this examination have demonstrated that there is no association or fortuitous event between them. Particularly notable are crafted by Michel Gauquelin basing on the accounts of well known individuals that have demonstrated that there is no connection between's a person’s character and calling, from one perspective, and their celestial parameters, on the other. There have been different trials directed by M. Gauquelin: Different tests show that it scarcely matters what a horoscope says, as long as the subject feels the translations were accomplished for the person in question by and by. A couple of years back French analyst Michel Gauquelin sent the horoscope for one of the most exceedingly terrible mass killers in French history to 150 individuals and asked how well it fit them. Ninety-four percent of the subjects said they perceived themselves in the depiction. (The Universe At Your Fingertips, 2001-2009)

What to Do if Youre Married to a Jerk

What to Do if Youre Married to a Jerk Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems Print Are You Married to a Jerk? Do you love yet dislike your spouse at the same time? By Sheri Stritof Sheri Stritof has written about marriage and relationships for 20 years. Shes the co-author of The Everything Great Marriage Book. Learn about our editorial policy Sheri Stritof Updated on February 05, 2020 Tetra Images / Getty Images More in Relationships Spouses & Partners Marital Problems LGBTQ Violence and Abuse It happens to a lot of people. You fall in love, and the romantic phase can blind you to your partners imperfections. Unfortunately, later you may realize that your spouse is really a jerk. You think your mate will change. Or that you can help bring out the best in them. You hope that in time, the difficult aspects of your spouses personality will go away. But in the vast majority of cases, it simply does not happen. The result is that you may find yourself married to a person you dont like. Comments from others, such as You should have known better, or Didnt you see it while dating wont help. Maybe you did miss some red flags or ignore some warnings, but that doesnt change the current situation. Types of Difficult Spouses Know-it-allNegative thinkerCriticWishy-washy typeSilent clamBullySickeningly sweet typeProcrastinatorSelf-centered and selfish personDemanding mateJokerEmbarrassing spouseBehavior or personality traits that you dont like or dont agree with are not the same as abusive behavior. If you are facing abuse, ask for help from a doctor, therapist, shelter or hotline. Coping Strategies Personality compatibility is an important characteristic of happy relationships. The irritating habits and activities of a spouse can drive you up the wall just like the drip, drip, drip of a leaky faucet. If ignored, it only gets worse. As soon as you start to realize you are in this predicament, take action right away.?? Dont let the resentment build until you explode.   There is hope for this situation. However, it does take honest and caring communication. Remember that you also have behaviors and traits that annoy your partner. Recognize that you cant change your spouse. You can only change your reactions and responses. The upside: If you change your behavior, your spouse may want to change theirs. Or you may see a different reaction than you are used to (with luck, a better one).  Try to focus on the positive. Looking only at the negative behaviors in your spouse can be self-fulfilling. If you find yourself in this trap, spend one evening, one meal, or one hour looking for the positive in your mate. Then do it again. The next time, see if you can focus on the positive for twice as long.??Reinforce positive behavior. When your spouse does something you like, say so! Say it in a sincere, positive fashion. Speak to your spouse the way you would want to be spoken to, not with sarcasm or veiled criticism.??Maintain eye contact when stating your opinions and feelings. If you are going to make a statement or request, prepare it ahead of time and look your spouse in the eye while speaking. This demonstrates your h onesty and openness.Be straightforward and clear in your communications. Avoid hints, veiled comments and passive-aggressive statements. Dont make your spouse guess what you need. Ask for it directly.??Make time to be alone together. Walking together is one way to  prompt a pleasant, natural conversation. Walking, especially in a natural setting, can also help both of you relieve stress.Dont place blame. It only creates defensiveness. Use I statements. Instead of, You should, begin your statement with, I need, I want, I feel. Focus on the behavior you would like to see changed and how it makes you feel. You are allowed to complain to your spouse.  Just do so effectively to minimize the likelihood of the conversation escalating into an argument (or shutting down completely).  Be honest with yourself.  If you make a mistake, admit it. You can even ask your partner what changes you should make as well.Its okay to set boundaries. If your spouses jerky behavior becomes abusive in any way , firmly state that this is unacceptable. Have a plan for what you will do if it doesnt stop.??   Marriage is hard. People tend to bring their best self to dating and then relax, sometimes into rude or mean behaviors, once married. But with effort, you can turn in a more positive directionâ€"together.?? The Best Online Marriage Counseling Programs

26 Common Suffixes in English (With Examples)

Strategic Human Resource Management - 7446 Words

Strategic Human Resource Management 1. Introduction In the late decade of 1980, the organisations realized the significance of their employees as a capital asset or human resources; and by adopting and implementing a set of HRM practices (such as recruiting, training and developing people etc.) aimed to succeed a sustainable competitive advantage based on a business strategic view by making the employees’ involvement the main key point of the new human resource management into the business process; and by establishing the organizational culture that they are part of the organization (Kaufman 2001: 506). During this period, the HRM is transformed into a Strategic HRM approach in order to sustain in these modern business challenges.†¦show more content†¦2. Understanding Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) Human resource as a strategic partner in an organization means accepting the Human Resource functions as a strategic partner in the formulation of the companys strategies as well as in the implementation of those strategies. In particular, human resource are recruiting, selecting, training and rewarding personnel to increase the capacity of a business to execute its strategies, HR needs to understand on knowing how to measure the monetary impact of their actions, so they can be able to demonstrate the value added contribution of their functions. Primary actions of strategic human resource should convert business strategies into HR priorities. In any business setting environment, whether its a corporate, functional, business unit or product line, a strategy is always there either clearly in the formal process or document or completely through a shared agenda on priorities. Human Resource as a strategic business partner identifies the HR practices that make the strategy happen. This whole process of identifying HR priorities is called organizational diagnosis through which an organization is able to determine it strength and weaknesses. The important areas in organization that reflects any organizationsShow MoreRelatedHuman Resource Management and Strategic Human Resource Management1136 Words   |  5 PagesManaging Human Resources, 3rd edn, John Wiley Sons, Milton, Qld. In chapter 1 of the text, the author shows an overview of human resource management and strategic human resource management. The author also shows the relationship between HRM and management, manager’s role meaning of strategy, strategic approach to HRM and strategic challenges. Lots of diagrams and explanations are used by the author. This chapter has contributed to my understanding of strategic human resource management by analysingRead MoreStrategic Management : Strategic Human Resource Management Essay1864 Words   |  8 Pages Unit 2 The Reyes Fitness Centers, Inc: The Strategic HR Opportunity Michael Lambert GB520 - Strategic Human Resource Management December 6, 2016 Professor Kenneth Rauch â€Æ' What is Strategic Management? Through this case study I will be discussing strategic management. Strategic management can be defined as a process where an organization attempts to determine what actions need to be taken to achieve the overallRead MoreHuman Resources : Strategic Human Resource Management Essay3571 Words   |  15 PagesStrategic Human Resource Management Assessment Introduction: The term human asset may be characterized as the aggregate Knowledge, aptitudes, inventive capacities, and abilities and in addition the qualities, demeanor, methodologies and convictions of people included in the undertakings of the association. It is whole or total of intrinsic capacities, procured information and aptitudes spoke to buy gifts and aptitudes of persons utilized in anRead MoreThe Strategic Human Resource Management1254 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Proactive management of the employees of a company or organization. Strategic human resource management includes typical human resource components such as hiring, discipline, and payroll, and also involves working with employees in a collaborative manner to boost retention, improve the quality of the work experience, and maximize the mutual benefit of employment for both the employee and the employer. The strategic human resource management was excellent as all employees reported highRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management1158 Words   |  5 PagesTopics in Human Resource Management Module 1 Case Study Module 1 Case: â€Å"Strategic Human Resource Management† Introduction Human resource management (HRM) has it own challenges, but management is more focus on what HR can offer their organization in the future. Looking back to the evolution of human resource field, it has followed the history of business in the United States and most western countries. HR has evolved from personal management to human resource management and from HRMRead MoreHuman Resources Management And Strategic Human Resource Management Essay3465 Words   |  14 Pages Q-1(A) Three major difference between human resource management and strategic human resource management Human resource management Strategic human resource management 1. HRM have â€Å"Short term goals† only like give training to the employees etc. For example in Tarmac short term goal is like recruit people for certain project only. 1. SHRM have â€Å"long term goals †like give the cross training to the employees. For example in Tarmac long term goal can be recruit people for long term and in future giveRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management72324 Words   |  290 PagesBusiness Management Study Manuals Advanced Diploma in Business Management STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT The Association of Business Executives 5th Floor, CI Tower ï‚ · St Georges Square ï‚ · High Street ï‚ · New Malden Surrey KT3 4TE ï‚ · United Kingdom Tel: + 44(0)20 8329 2930 ï‚ · Fax: + 44(0)20 8329 2945 E-mail: info@abeuk.com ï‚ · www.abeuk.com  © Copyright, 2008 The Association of Business Executives (ABE) and RRC Business Training All rights reserved No part of this publication may beRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management1032 Words   |  5 PagesTo simply define Human Resource Management (HRM), it is a management function that helps managers recruit, select, train and develop members for an organization. Obviously, HRM is concerned with the people’s dimension in organizations. When we say HRM of the organization, it is concerned with all the departments of it. In the marketing department, people consult products or services that lead to the sale. In the sales department, people sell products or give services to the customers. And alsoRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management4089 Words   |  17 PagesContents 1. Introduction: 2 2. Strategic Human Resource Management Practices in Samsung: 2 2 a. Samsung overall introduce 3 2.b HRM challenge in Samsung 3 2 .c Samsung strategies 4 3. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION 5 4. Career management and development 6 4.a HTP concept 7 5. Rewarding 8 6. DIVERSITY AND EQUAL OPPORTUNITY 9 7. Employee welfare 10 Employee wage and welfare 10 Support for housing 10 Children’s education 10 Medical support 11 Support for retirement 11 8. Contribution to the national economyRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management3790 Words   |  16 PagesSummary: Strategic human resource management is an approach that refers how the aims of the organization will be acquired through people by means of human resource strategies and combined human resource practices and policies. It is also based with viewing the people of the organization as a strategic element for the acquirement of competitive benefit. Strategic human resource model are used to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in the industry. Human Resources Management is the strategic management

Personal Responsibilty Free Essays

Everyone needs to be willing to accept the responsibility for their own actions and held accountable them. First, if a student wants to be successful in college, by him showing up to class on time every week, and paying close attention to the lectures is the first step to gain success. If he sits towards the front of the class, and sit up straight. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Responsibilty or any similar topic only for you Order Now These are some of the best ways to stay alert and follow along with the instructor, receive the information they are giving. Second, reading the course syllabus and the weekly assignments is another great way to obtain the information you will be learning. If you are a student that is easily distracted, then finding a quiet place to read is a good way to retain the information your learning. The student might need to be well rested before picking up their textbook. Oftentimes, students may fall asleep once they start reading. If they have difficulty retaining information, they may want to read aloud, reread the statement, or imagine themselves in the situation. It is a good way to understand what it is they are reading. Finally, good time management and discipline is essential to being a successful college student. For some students, having a to-do list, calendar, or planner. Sitting down with an agenda will considerably decrease study time. It gives the student a visual on what needs to be completed and manages time better. You can focus on what you are going to get accomplish instead of thinking about the other ten assignments that must be completed. In conclusion, it is the student’s personal responsibility to attend class, pay attention, and study. These are some of the key fundamentals of becoming a successful student. These few basic fundamentals will help an individual learn from kindergarten through well beyond college. Preparing yourself to receive information will almost always be one of the many keys in becoming a successful college student. References http://www. Goodness. Com/quotes/tag/personal-responsibility This is a hanging indent. To keep the hanging indent format, triple click your mouse on this line of text and replace the information with your reference entry. You can use the Reference and Citation Examples (Center for Writing ExcellenceTutorials and GuidesReference and Citation Examples) to help format your source information into a reference entry. The reference page always begins on the top of the next page after the conclusion. How to cite Personal Responsibilty, Papers

Group Work Engaging in Knowledge Transfer

Question: Discuss about the Group Workfor Engaging in Knowledge Transfer. Answer: Introduction Group work is simply when a group of students or people work towards a common purpose in unison. Within the learning process, proper interactions amongst students are critical in the learning process, (Brown et al., 2014). Such a traditional mode of learning is said to boost morale and the ability of students to learn most aspects through peer teachers. In many public institutions, this formula seems to be working in practice. However, there are the malfunctioning dimensions of this mode of learning. Therefore, it is for the said malfunctions that my paper talks exclusively on the problems that are ignored about the whole idea of working in groups. My article will mostly detail and explain the reasons as to why we should either encourage team works or discourage group work in learning institutions. Group work faces laziness from individuals. Some students are exerting fewer efforts and leaving most of the work to the involved members of the team. Working in groups facilitates raising an entire provide task where everyone puts their effort towards a common goal, (Gregory and Thorley, 2013). The above kind of idea limits an individual to pull all of his or her weight entirely to the success of a particular task. Another thing to consider is that in a group work people offer their personal views which are discussed and thereby guarantee a high quality of information on a given topic. However, the personal views of individuals may not be the truth pertaining a subject of discussion. The above discussion is not to deny the fact that group work bolsters information thereby increase the reliability of information but to show how it can be detrimental in one way hence derailing us from that learning motive. Group work is prone to conflict. The conflict between team members discourages individuals from contributing in a learning process. The conflicts may arise due to disagreements about some facts. (Dolmans, et al., 2015) suggests that lack of polite disagreements with views of others leads to a conflict hence making the weaker students fear to air out their views. Hence making the group work very unhealthy to the learning process. Moreover, Wolfhagen is the fact that, as opposed to personal studies where one cannot conflict with self-regarding facing a dispute of points, a group work presents the challenge. On the other hand, Van Der Vleuten adds that individual contribution positively gets discouraged when other team members fail to give in their opinion and yet expect to earn from the overall effort, (Dolmans et al., 2015). It is for such a reason that group works if not adequately controlled might lead to a violence culture instead of a learning culture. Since it discourages especia lly the weak from participating, and it also makes other people dormant within the discussions since one's idea may vary from the overall group's perception of seeing facts hence lead to such a conflict. The group work can be dominated by an individual or particular individuals. Domineering occurs in the group in cases where other members of a group become active in answering questions and the overall activities of the group at the expense of other members who have to contribute. In agreement with (Hillyard et al., 2010), the presence of very active contributors within the group's discussions is very detrimental to a particular group. Since such people limit the ability of some non-active members of such a group to participate, they should be discouraged. Such, therefore, distorts the whole mechanism of group work, more so its essence. Another form of domineering is the aspect of Littig, (Hillyard et al., 2010). The author suggests that it is common to experience members of a group interrupting others in the middle of a talk so as to air their personal view pertaining a topic of discussion hence disregarding that of the former speaker. Some even go on to rubbish what the speaker has said in a rude manner. Such a vice reduces morale in people. For instance, if the person speaking is not as experienced in public speaking then the individual may feel out of context hence reduce his or her morale. Such behavior is very hurting especially to the whole learning process of an individual. Additionally, another aspect of domination by a person is when few people take leadership roles within the group. Such a vice creates that issue of inequality within the group hence may make other team members feel unappreciated or even overlooked. When there are dominant people within the group, the learning process interfered with; people will not be able to learn some aspects of the topics of discussion for instance how and why things get done, (Brandler et al., 2015). Since most of the activities will be done in such people's way, not in a way everyone is comfortable. Similarly, lack of proper leadership within a group is another reason as to why group work is not an effective study process. Lack of good leadership is considered as a recipe to the challenges of having an effective teamwork, (Fukada et al., 2017). The aspect of favoritism within the group is a big problem in groups. Issues such as time allocation to different members present a problem. The team leaders award some members more time as compared to other colleagues, (Sadath, et al., 2016). Therefore, making some members not feel useful or even wanted within such a group. Such an act reduces the output of a group since not everybody was given the same opportunity to participate in the group work. Such a habit can also be seen when the leader is in support to a particular group's way of thinking without properly giving equal chance to scrutinize the subject of discussion. Another way of which poor leadership is a problem to the learning process is when there is when there is a lack of f airness and respect of opinion. Such makes individuals feel intimidated during the group works hence stop to engage in active discussions, therefore, acting amongst the reasons for poor output quality. Another reason is when the leader has no control over the group's activities. For instance, when there are members of the group that feels more superior to the others and the group leader puts no efforts in containing such behaviors such as rudely interrupting a speaker and maybe over speeding the discussions that some members of the groups are left lagging behind regarding understanding the concepts. When there is no active leadership within the group, there is a likelihood that the team will collapse since there would be conflicts within the group. Hence real leadership plays a vital role in team works, (Cohen and Lotan, 2014). All of the mentioned aspects of lack of proper leadership within the team, a clear indications that when the panel work has nobody to conduct it, the whole learning process using the group works is just but a mirage of the facts that group works are meant to increase the adsorption levels of students, boost confidence and enable a friendly learning space, (Arends, 2014) Therefore in as much as we are encouraged to participate in group discussions, we should also take reasonable measures to ensuring that our deliberations have less of laziness, reduced conflict, domination and proper leadership from people who share the same group. With such measures, the group work can be very useful to students. References Arends, R. (2014). Learning to teach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Brandler, S. and Roman, C.P., 2015. Group work: Skills and strategies for effective interventions. Routledge. Brown, L. K., Angus, D. C., Marin, M. G., Balmes, J. R., Barker, A. F., Ewart, G. ... Nathanson, I. T. (2014). Teaching by principles. Cohen, E. G., Lotan, R. A. (2014). Designing Group work: Strategies for the Heterogeneous Classroom Third Edition. Teachers College Press. Dolmans, D.H., De Grave, W., Wolfhagen, I.H. and Van Der Vleuten, C.P., 2015. Problem?based learning: Future challenges for educational practice and research. Medical Education, 39(7), pp.732-741. Fukada, Y., Murphey, T., Falout, J., Fukuda, T. (2017). Essential Motivational Group Dynamics: A 3-Year Panel Study. In Essential Competencies for English-medium University teaching (pp. 249-266). Springer International Publishing. Gregory, R. and Thorley, L. eds., 2013. Using group-based learning in higher education. Routledge. Hillyard, C., Gillespie, D. and Littig, P., 2010. University students' attitudes about learning in small groups after frequent participation. Active Learning in Higher Education, 11(1), pp.9-20. Long, M. H., Porter, P. A. (2013). Group work, interlanguage talk, and second language acquisition. TESOL Quarterly, 207-228. Sadath, A., Muralidhar, D., Varambally, S. and Gangadhar, B.N., 2016. Does Group Intervention Have Benefits on Expressed Emotion and Social Support in Careers of Persons with First Episode Psychosis? Social Work in Mental Health, (just-accepted).

NIVEA and its marketing strategy

Consumer driven marketing strategy focuses on the needs of the customers. It can be advantageous to businesses by offering an edge over competition (Anderson, et al., 2004). As such, companies utilizing this strategy may focus their marketing efforts only on consumers who directly benefit from the product. Beiersdorf, the company that manufactures and sells NIVEA, utilized this strategy of marketing. Several elements of consumer driven marketing can be identified from the NIVEA case.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on NIVEA and its marketing strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Targeting a specific segment of the market is the first element. After conducting a market research, the company realized a gap in the market. Young girls between the age of 13 and 19 were in need of beauty products which would maintain their normal skin. They were not interested in using medicated products. In order to meet this need th e company came up the NIVEA VISAGE. This product line is only aimed at young women between the age of 13 and 19. Another element of consumer driven marketing evident in the NIVEA case is the focus on meeting the needs of customers (Clow Baack, 2007). As such, the company responded to the market gap by launching a range of products which target to satisfy the needs customers. With the launch of NIVEA VISAGE young, the company not only optimized its position in the market, but also created a solution to the skin problems experienced by young girls. The company got the right balance of market mix elements. It defined a gap within the market and came up with a product that fills it. Using an effective balance of place, promotion, price, and product, NIVEA VISAGE young made successful launch into the market. Marketing management orientation focuses on the techniques of developing, producing, and marketing goods to consumers (Hooley, et al., 2008). The orientations are used to support ca mpaigns for marketing. NIVEA assumed a marketing orientation that focuses on the production and marketing of the new product. With regards to market orientation, the company created a gap in the market and created a product that would fill this gap more efficiently than what its rivals offered. Another approach that the company could have used is the product oriented approach where the company could have first created a product that is perceived to be good and introduce it to the market without first developing a need within the market (Hooley, et al., 2008). The main difference between the two approaches lies on market research. Product orientation uses innovation in the production of a good and service. It is efficient for industries that rely on high product features to satisfy consumer demand. A market mix involves the four ‘p’, product, price, place, and promotion. With regards to product, the first step for an effective mix is to develop an understanding of the ma rket. The company relies on information from comprehensive market research to develop a product that specifically targets a segment of the market.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The information retrieved from the market research study is used to develop a product that suits the needs of consumers. The company conducts market research with direct involvement of consumers. For instance, it can use a focus group to engage with consumers, listen to them, gather data, and conduct testing for products before launching the products into the market. From the market research, the company was able to establish that young female consumers needed a beauty product that maintains their normal skin and not a medicated product. From this information, the company developed the NIVEA VISAGE young to meet their needs. Product offered by rival companies were also medicated and aimed at solving the teenage skin problem. This information gave the company an advantage over its rivals in the development of NIVEA VISAGE young. With regards to pricing, the company used a strategy that offered consumers a value for their money (Clow Baack, 2007). It realized that the product could only be bought by teenage girls or by mothers buying for their teenage daughters. The pricing was made to reflect product range, packaging, and formulation. Place may refer to the point of sale (Clow Baack, 2007). The concern is the distribution strategy that will ensure the product reaches the point of sale at the right time. The company has used a wide range of distribution channels to ensure that NIVEA VISAGE reaches all the places where it is supposed to be sold. This includes the use of major retail outlets and high street shops. The company knows, that the teenagers love to shopping in malls and high street shops. As a result, NIVEA VISAGE is shelved in all crowd pulling shopping malls and hig h street shops. Promotion entails the communication aspect of the product (Clow Baack, 2007). Customers need to be aware of the availability of the product in addition to being persuaded to buy the product. There is a wide range strategies used to promote a product. This includes the use of events such as product launch, direct mails, public relation, branding, and sales promotion. During the product launch, the company invited celebrity artistes with a huge teenage following. Associating the product with celebrity artiste is strategic in luring teenagers to buy the product.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on NIVEA and its marketing strategy specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The NIVEA brand has a wide range of products that target various demographics of the market. For men, the product has a wide range of products to meet number of consumer needs for both boys and men. They include hand and body lotion, roll-on de odorant, spray deodorant, shaving foam, and lip care product. These are the NIVEA product that I have used as a man. I have personally experienced benefits from use of these products. The value compares the cost of purchase. The deodorants for instance have had a lot of benefits to me. In addition to the obvious benefit of hygiene, the products help to keep someone fresh for a prolonged period of time. This is beneficial because it reduces the need to constantly spray oneself after a few hours. At the same time, the sprays can last for a pretty long time and thus helping to save money. It is important for consumers to get a value for their money when they purchase any particular product or service. If purchase of a particular product helps to save money that could have been spent elsewhere, the product gives consumers a value for their money. For instance, if a lady was to spent money on several medicated products to address skin problems and she buys a single NIVEA skin product tha t solves this problem, the NIVEA product gives her a value for her money. A customer need is a basic requirement. Companies making products that fall under customer need do not have to push to sell the products (Anderson, et al., 2004). The only need for pushing may be resulting from the competitive nature of the market environment. Customer wants are drawn from customer needs. For instance, if students need to wear shoes, the shoes may require polishing. The polishing aspect is the want, and it is generated from the need to wear shoes. Customer demands are the things he or she desires. For instance, the need to live a luxurious life may be classified as a demand (Hooley, et al., 2008). References Anderson, E, Fornell, C Mazvancheryl, S 2004, ‘Customer Satisfaction and shareholder value’, Journal of Marketing, vol 2 no 1, pp. 172-185. Clow, K Baack, D 2007, Integrated Advertising, Promotion, and Marketing Communications, Pearson Education, Boston.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hooley, G, Peircy, N Nikolaud, B 2008, Marketing strategy and competitive positioning, Pearson Prentice Hall, United Kingdom. This essay on NIVEA and its marketing strategy was written and submitted by user Gibson A. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

A look at relationships with Maus essays

A look at relationships with Maus essays It doesnt require a psychiatrist to identify in Maus I that Vladek possesses many of the qualities which could be typically used to portray a survivor. Most of which are qualities emblematic not necessarily only of a survivor of the holocaust but a survivor of any great life or death struggle. His words and actions toward Art and especially Mala tacitly reveal a man still deeply impacted by tragic experiences decades later. Through his life story we are able to ascribe Vladeks various tendencies indirectly to his sufferings and survival instinct which he attained during the holocaust. With integrity he carries on with the rest of his life even with the heavy burden of his experiences in Poland and the suicide of his wife. This burden which has made him cognizant of a human experience incomprehensible to others also has left him with certain ineffaceable characteristics abrasive in appearance to the untrained eye. However, it is this unwavering buoyancy that allows him to speak with such candidness with Art about these issues. His relationship with Mala appears to be one set starkly against the background of who appears to be his true love, Anja. Not only does he seem to draw some distinction between the two in the context of money but he also keeps more pictures of Anja on his desk than his current wife and seemingly idealizes his relationship with her in comparison to his marriage to Mala (Spiegelman, 104). Somewhat peculiar because Mala went through the camps as well, he does not seem able to communicate well with her at all, possibly somewhat because his memory of Anja draws a wedge between the two of them. This is evidenced by his admittance to Vladek that he questions why he ever remarried to begin with (127). Perhaps since he went through the most harrowing experiences with Anja and with her experienced the greatest personal losses both of loved ones and property, he is more attuned to considering her to b...

Critique of Research Article Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critique of Research Article - Term Paper Example Urinary Tract Infection refers to the presence of germs in the urinary tract. It is a very common type of infection like respiratory tract infection. Having a catheter within a urinary tract increases the chances of a urinary tract infection. It also makes it harder to treat the original infection for which catheter was using. Bacteria will grow in it if the urinary catheter is left in place for a long time. A large number of bacteria in the urinary tract may result in a harmful infection. Most catheters associated urinary tract infections are caused by bacteria. Wilson and Jenner (2007) stated: â€Å"The presence of a urethral catheter interferes with the natural mechanism. The urethral catheter is thus a major predisposing factor in urinary tract infections in health services.† (P: 217) Researches done in the filed of nursing practices improve the practice of nursing and health services along with raising the standards of the profession but not every research is properly don e and can be considered to bring a change in nursing practice. Such researches must be evaluated to estimate the worth of the study and the evidence provided in it to critically appraise the study. ... The study population here is the people experiencing urinary tract infection due to catheterization. The major outcome being measured is the occurrence of urinary tract infection due to the use of catheters. The aim of this study paper is to test the effectiveness of a â€Å"newly designed urine-collecting system containing an antibacterial device which slowly releases silver ions onto the inner surface of the system† to prevent or reduce the chances of UTIs due to the use of catheters. The purpose of this research is feasible, relevant, healing and interesting. The study provides an abstract of the complete study which gives a quick view of its objective, study population and the conclusion derived. The abstract is usually considered as an essential part of an article in order to convey its important points to users with very limited time. The writers divide the abstract into five parts i.e., objective, patients and methods, results, conclusions and keywords. Abstract also re veals the focus and important aspects of the study according to the researchers. The actual study begins with the part of introduction. The introduction part is important because it defines the problem that is to be resolved and the reason why it is important to resolve that particular problem. In a standard research study, this part is divided into three parts which are background, rationale, and conceptual framework of the study. But this paper does not provide such a consistent introduction. The introduction is lengthy and not divided into these formal parts. The next part in a standard research paper should have been the literature review which is a collection of information about former researches conducted in relevance with the topic of the research. However

Programme and strategic management - exam questions Essay

Programme and strategic management - exam questions - Essay Example In short, customization of methodologies is necessary for the successful completion of projects. The usage of appropriate methodology would help the project manager to complete the projects in time. Moreover, it helps the project manager to reduce unnecessary costs and increase the profit earned from the project. Delay in the completion of the project would cause big loss to the company since the raw material prices may go up as time goes on. Proper methodologies would help the project manager to complete the project within the allocated budget. One of the major disadvantages of project management methodologies is the lack of innovation in methodologies. In other words, while sticking with a particular methodology, project managers may not get opportunities to explore new ways of completing the project in a more efficient manner. There are different types of project management methodologies. Waterfall is one of the most commonly used project management methodologies across the world. It employs a sequential, top-down approach to project management. â€Å"It assumes that a project is finite with a definite beginning and end; that projects need to be managed to be successful; and that the events affecting the project are predictable. In addition, with this traditional methodology, once a phase is finished it is thought that it will not be revisited† (Mitchell 23) Q1 The following was the defined mission statement for the ODA â€Å"To deliver venues, facilities, infrastructure and transport on time for the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games that are fit-for-purpose and in a way that maximises the delivery of a sustainable legacy within the available budget†. Discuss using Suitable academic theory and information from the Olympic document, how this mission statement was then used to define the programme and project objectives. From the above illustration, it is

British Airways Leadership Style

British Airways Leadership Style Examining Leadership style in British Airways 1. ABSTRACT This is a study which examine the leadership in British airways and also evaluates their leader i.e. Willie Walsh using the relevant theories on leadership. Also critically evaluate the leadership style that is required for the success of British Airways. Reflections on leadership styles used in our previous jobs are also provided below. 2. INTRODUCTION 2(a). LEADERSHIP Leadership has and will always be an important factor in human affairs. In todays time it has become essential for organisations to have a good leader for its success at the same time its becoming challenging to find the right type of leader for the job as mentioned in (Kotler, 1988) Leadership is an activity, that of influencing the behaviour and beliefs and feelings of other group members in an intended direction as mentioned in (wright taylor, 1984). Leadership is only a part of the managers job not the whole thing. According to (Posner Kouzes, 2002, p. 13) 5 common practices of all leaders Model the way Inspire a shared vision Challenge the process Enable others to act Encourage the heart 2(b). BRITISH AIRWAYS British Airways Plc is the UKs biggest international scheduled airlines. They not only have scheduled services but also operation of international and domestic carriage of freight and mail, and ancillary services. British Airways fly to more than 300 destinations. It was established in 1910 it was formed to preserve the records and artefacts of British Airways predecessor companies BOAC, BEA, BSAA and the pre-war Imperial Airways and British Airways Ltd. BA was the first to launch the worlds first daily international scheduled air service between London and Paris. It was a public sector company which in 1981 LordKing was appointed Chairman he was then charged by the SecretaryofStateforTrade to take all necessary steps for privatisation. (Airways) British airway has been known to have problem with its employees, being punctual , and financial losses from a very long time it had major problems in the beginning of 1980 which 2(c). WILLIE WALSH He was born on 25th of October1961 in Dublin, Ireland. In 1979, he joined Aer Lingus as a cadet. During his years as a pilot he was a chief negotiator for the union of pilots. He acquired a Masters degree in management and business administration from Trinity College, Dublin and later became a CEO of Futura in 1998 before he became a CEO of Aer Lingus 2000. Here he turned a loss making organisation into a profit making organisation within 6 months by reducing cost and selling painting and art from their office and also by cutting jobs. In 2005 he resigned from his position as the government refused to privatise the air lines. compiled from the various annual reports of the Aer Lingus Currently he is the CEO of British Airways. In May 2005 Willie Walsh became a Chief Executive Designate, after Rod Eddington as Chief Executive on 1 October 2005. He was hired as British Airways were wanting to reduce cost and make themselves into a low cost airlines. From the annual reports of the British Airways 2(d). FRAMEWORKS USED Trait Theory Michigan and Ohio University Studies Transactional, Transformation and Charismatic Leadership Situational Leadership Theory 3. LITERATURE REVIEW Globalization has made companies compete not only in the domestic but also in the global markets, and the demand for an effective leadership has become highly important. Many studies exist on the subject of leadership; this is mainly due to the fact that leaders are responsible for the main essential task in an organization such as creating, sharing and exploiting organizational knowledge, enabling an organization to grow (Bryant, 2003). There is no specific formula for being a good leader many scholars over the years have debated over the fact what makes a good leader. Earlier scholars believe that leaders were born and the skills to be a good leader cannot be achieved over the years one such theory is The Great Mans Theory other earlier theories such as Trait theory studies the various traits of a good leader and states that only people having such traits can be good leaders. Even this theory believes in leader are by birth. However the more recent theories look at the behaviour and not the traits and personality. Kouzes and Posner state that Leadership is an identifiable set of skills which are available in all men and women not just in a few charismatic and gifted people (Posner Kouzes, 2002) The following theories are used by me to analyse the leadership style of Willie Walsh in context to British Airways Trait Theory By Stogdil (Stogdil, 1974) There are various theories on traits of leaders they all have a few common qualities that are required by a good leader. This theory believes that leaders are born and the skills and traits of a good leader cannot be acquired over a period of time. Stogdil in 1974 identified and suggested the following traits and skills as critical and existent in all leaders TRAITS SKILLS Adaptability to situations Alert to social environment Ambitious and achievement orientated Assertive Cooperative Decisive Dependable Dominant i.e. having a desire to influence others Energetic Persistent Self-confident Tolerant to stress Willing to assume responsibility Clever Conceptually skilled Creative Diplomatic and tactful Fluent in speaking Knowledgeable about group task Organised (administrative ability) Persuasive Socially skilled Michigan Ohio Studies Michigan University had conducted various studies on leadership in the year 1950. There research showed that leaders could be broadly divided into three categories depending on their characteristics. Task oriented behaviour- Leaders would concentrate on task and not on building a relationship with their subordinates. They did not do the same tasks as their subordinates they concentrated more on activities like scheduling planning coordinating and providing the resources for their subordinates to perform their tasks. Relationship oriented behaviour- These leaders not only focused on task oriented but also gave importance to building up relations with their subordinates helping them not only in their careers but also in their personal lives thus forming a bond with their subordinates more than close control. They believe in rewarding their subordinate with both Intrinsic as well as extrinsic ways. They basically provided the goal and left it onto their subordinates to decide the path they wanted to take. Participative leadership- These leaders include their subordinates as team members in their decision making process at the same time their decision is final independent whether it matches with the decision of the subordinates. These leaders are nature good team leaders. Such leaders are more facilitative than directive while solving problems. These leaders are more effective for teams rather than individuals. Transactional, Transformation and Charismatic leadership Transactional leaders believe that people can be motivated either by reward or punishment. They create clear structures as to the requirement of what is expected from the subordinates and what would get them rewards or punishments. the subordinate is fully responsible for the work given to him no matter what ever the circumstance that caused the failure. According to Bass a transactional leader comprised of contingent reward (CRW), active management by exception (MBEA), and passive management by exception (MBEP). (Bass M. B., 1985) Transformational leaders are leaders have a vision of transformation that excites and converts potential followers. These leaders may or may not be aware of the way that leads to fulfilment of the vision. Such a leader comprises of idealized influence (II), individualized consideration (IC), intellectual stimulation (IS), and inspirational motivation (IM). (Bass M. B., 1985). Charismatic leadership are leaders who attract followers using their personality, charm rather than using any form of external power or authority. These leaders while interacting with a person make the person feel extremely important. They spend a lot of time learning their environment Bass mentions that a transformational leader also will emphasize on higher motive development, and arouse followers motivation by means of creating and representing an inspiring vision of the future (Bass B. M., 1997) Situational Leadership Theory- The main school of thought of this theory is that there is no one way of leadership style. It states that a leader who uses different leadership styles dependant on the situation he is in (Hersey Blanchard, 1988). This theory has been proposed by Kenneth Blanchard and Paul Hersey. This model allows you to analyse the various needs of the situation a leader may find himself in and suggest the most appropriate leadership style for the situation. source (Hersey Blanchard, 1988) As seen above this theory divides leadership styles into the following categories Directing (S1)- This leaders is a high directive and a low supportive behaviour orientated Coaching (S2)- This leader is high Directive as well as high Supportive behaviour oriented Supporting (S3)- This leader is a high Supportive and low Directive behaviour orientated Delegating (S4)- This leader is low Supportive as well as low Directive behaviour orientated (Huczynsky Buchanan, 2007) For this model to be successful it is extremely important that the leader should accurately judge the confidence and motivation of his followers. From all the above theories we see that there is no one best way to predict a successful leader. All the above theories have different ways of looking at leaders. The best way to examine whether a person is a good leader or not is to study him is comparing him to various theories on leadership. 4. EXAMINING BRITISH AIRWAYS LEADERSHIP STYLE The main reason for British Airways to select Willie Walsh as their CEO was because at that time British Airways was facing stiff competition from low cost airlines. His success as a leader in Aer Lingus an Irish flight carrier which was almost on its way to bankruptcy and then Willie Walsh stepped in not only turning the carrier into a profit making carrier but also one of the most successful carrier of Ireland. During the analysis I found Willie Walsh to have the following characteristic from the various articles written on him. Intimidating- as his peers were afraid to raise question about T5 at Heathrow before it was inaugurated. Peers are not involved in decisions- He was found to seclude himself and his colleagues found it difficult to approach him (Michaels, 2006). He is very strong minded and confident He does what he believes to be correct with or without any fan following (Walsh, 2009) Hugely energetic, Hard worker and a workaholic he has not taken a vacation for the past 3 years (Walsh, 2009) His work is only professional no emotions- This is the main reason as to his success at turning flight carriers profitable as he does this by cutting cost by job cuts. Tuff leader who rules with an iron fist- his peers at Aerlingus use to call him Slasher Walsh. Confrontational- He is always involved in the meeting with the union and management. Now he sits on the managements side but earlier he use to sit on the unions side. He is ruthless in his decision- He fired 2 of the oldest managers of British Airways over the terminal 5 fiasco (Milmo, 2008). He believes in leading by being a role model- He and Keith Williams, finance director of BA worked unpaid and requested the staff also to consider unpaid leave or working part time (Travel Weekly(UK), 2009) Linking Willie Walshs leadership style to Trait Theory From the above table we observe that Willie Walsh has most of the traits and skills that are required by a successful leader Linking Willie Walshs leadership style to Michigan and Ohio University studies Michigan Ohio University studies classify Willie Walsh as a leader with Task oriented behaviour. This is seen as he does not maintain any relationship he is only is interested in work if he feels someone is redundant or not doing his work efficiently he fires them. (Nexis,UK, 2005). He also expects his employees to get the work given to them whether or not they have the resources and capability to do the work given to them. Linking Willie Walshs leadership style to Transactional, Transformation and Charismatic Leadership Willie Walsh follows a transactional style of leadership. As he is task oriented and does not believe in building relations. He believes that the salary given to employee is a reward for their work and in case they dont do their work properly they should be punished. Thus motivation for doing the job is either reward or to avoid punishment. He is not supportive to them in their work or personal lives as a transformational leader would be nor does he have the qualities of a charismatic leader as people do not follow him by choice but by compulsion. He also does not take out time to know his subordinates and what would motivate them. Linking Willie Walshs leadership style to situational leadership Willie Walsh can be placed in the S1 quadrant as he has a high directive and a low supportive oriented behaviour. However the theory states that a leader should be flexible and should change his style from time to time depending on the situation however the data collected on Willie Walsh does not show any signs of flexibility and he follows the same leadership style. Thus we can say that according to this theory Willie Walsh is not a good leader. Evaluation Reflection Critical Conclusion Bibliography Bibliography Airways, b. (n.d.). Retrieved 11 22, 2009, from www.ba.co.uk Bass, B. M. (1997). Does the transactional-transformational leadership paradigm transcend organizational and national boundaries? American Psychologist , 52, 130-139. Bass, M. B. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations, . New York: Free Press. Hersey, P., Blanchard, K. H. (1988). Management of Organisational Behaviour: Utilising Human Resources. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Huczynsky, A. A., Buchanan, D. A. (2007). Organisational Behaviour (6 ed.). Pioltello: Rotolito Lombanda SPA. Kotler, J. P. (1988). The Leadership Factor. Free press . Michaels, D. (2006, October 2). British Airs New Challenges; Walsh Must Tackle Rising Pension Deficit, Transition at Heathrow. Walstreet Jornal , p. B.12. Milmo, D. (2008, April 16). Youre fired: T5 fiasco proves terminal for BA bosses as Walsh takes personal charge. The Guardian. Nexis,UK. (2005, December 23). British Airways Walsh step up BA turnaround. Travel Trade Gazette UK Ireland , p. 12. Posner, Kouzes. (2002). leadership the challange. san fransisco: jossey bass. Stogdil, R. (1974). Handbook of leadership: A survey of literature. New York: Free Press . Travel Weekly(UK). (2009). BA bosses to work without pay in July. Travel Weekly(UK) , 7. Walsh, W. (2009, August 27). I Didnt Set out to be a CEO. (T. Independant, Interviewer) wright, p. l., taylor, s. d. (1984). improving leadership performance: a practical approach to leadership. london: prentice-hall international Inc. Bryant S. E. (2003), The role of Transformational and Transactional Leadership in Creating, Sharing and Exploiting Organizational Knowledge, Journal of Leadership Organizational Studies, 9 (4), pp. 32-44

Body, Perception and Identity in ‘the Birthmark’ and ‘Hands’

Social sciences have often dealt with the relationship between a person’s body figure and his or her self-image. In this respect, the sociologist Carolina Gonzalez Laurino (2008: 23) claims that â€Å"la construccion social de la identidad se encuentra en estrecha relacion con la auto-percepcion del cuerpo. † However, the image an individual has of his or her own figure may be affected by other people’s perception. In the case of â€Å"The Birthmark,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"Hands,† by Sherwood Anderson, the body plays a central role because it determines the characters’ identities and the way they interact with others. It is the purpose of this essay to explore the ways in which the characters of Georgiana and Wing construct and alter their identity and self-image by the way in which their anatomies are described and treated by others. In â€Å"The Birthmark,† Georgiana’s self-image undergoes two major changes under the influence of male perception. At first, some of her lovers admire the birthmark: â€Å"Many a desperate swain would have risked his life for the privilege of pressing his lips to the mysterious hand. (Hawthorne 284) For this reason, Georgiana believes that the mark on her left cheek is a feature of which she should be proud. Later, however, this view of her mark changes due to the influence of her husband’s words and actions: after asking Aylmer about the words he uttered in his sleep and seeing his reaction –â€Å"Aylmer sat in his wife’s presence with a guilty feeling† (Hawthorne 286) – Georgiana urges Aylmer to remove the birthmar k no matter the consequences: â€Å"let the attempt be made at whatever cost† (Hawthorne 286). Gradually, she starts to feel her husband’s hatred herself, and this repulsion is intensified to the point in which she would rather die than carry on living with the mark: â€Å"for life, while this hateful mark makes me the object of your horror and disgust, – life is a burden which I would fling down with joy† (Hawthorne 286). In Sherwood Anderson’s story, the main character’s life is dramatically changed by the community’s perception of his hands. As a young man, he has a positive view of his hands because they are the means through which he expresses himself: â€Å"By the caress that was in his fingers he expressed himself. † (Anderson 31-32) However, when the community in Pennsylvania turns against him, the way in which they talk about the hands changes his perception of that part of his body: â€Å"Although he did not understand what had happened he felt that the hands must be to blame. Again and again the fathers of the boys had talked about the hands. † (Anderson 33). As a result, Wing constantly tries to conceal his hands, and every time he speaks to George, he tries to occupy them in some insignificant activity so as to prevent them from expressing something undesirable. However, one afternoon, when Wing is talking to the young reporter, he loses control of his hands for a moment and they move freely and caress the boy. This situation deeply disturbs Biddlebaum: â€Å"With a convulsive movement of his body, Wing Biddlebaum sprung to his feet and thrust his hands deep into his trouser pockets- Tears came to his eyes† (Anderson 30). Furthermore, the fear he feels because of what his hands may be capable of causing changes his personality from a confident, sociable member of the community to that of a timid man who chooses to isolate himself. This significant change is also reflected by the fact that he moves to a different city and changes his last name to Biddlebaum. In this regard, the effect that the perception of the community of Winesburg has is shown by the part they take in the creation of his new identity: â€Å"[the hands’] restless activity (†¦) had given him his name† (Anderson 28). From the aspects analyzed above, it can be concluded that the image each of these characters has of him or herself is greatly influenced by other people’s perception. The way in which either their whole bodies or parts of them are viewed affects who they – believe – they are and the way they interact with those around them.

How Africans Americans Have Worked to End Isolation Essay

Africans had fought very hard to obtain equal rights in the United States. After the civil war the country begin their journey in America History with period known as Reconstruction (Bowls 2011, 1. 1). There are several reasons why the nation went to war, and one of the most important was the right to continue the practice of slavery. From 1865 to the present, African Americans have worked to end their isolation through legislation, protest, and major contributions to society. In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation. This proclamation did not free the slaves but it was the first step toward making this a reality (Bowles, 2011, 1. 1). The proclamation would only apply only to states in rebellion. The Emancipation proclamation is one of those stupendous facts in human history with marks not only an era in the progress of the nation, but an approach in history of the world (Journal of Blacks pg. 108-109). The civil war did not bring an end to racial hatred and violence in the south. Neither military leaders nor politicians can change the ingrained cultural beliefs of the people (Bowles, 2011 1. para10). After 1865 slavery could no longer structure relations between the races (1999, Segregation and Desegregation). The Black Codes codified some of these feelings when 1865 southern states government created legislation that restricted and control the lives of the ex-slaves (Bowel 2011 1. 1 para10). The Black Codes restricted African Americans to married other than their own race, they could not carried guns, they could only work on farms, and if they did not follow this rules they could put in jail or put them to enforced work which was the same as slavery (Bowles, 2011 1. para10). The president at the time supported this codes which made more difficult the lives of the ex-slaves. Meanwhile, many blacks who enlisted in the military encountered blatant discrimination while in the service and, them after risking their lives for the preservation of the free world, retuned to a society that continued to deem them second-class citizens (Levy, 1998). The only significant racial reform enacted by the federal government in the decade after the end of World War 11 was the desegregation of the armed forces order by President Truman in 1948. To some blacks, even this represented a pyrrhic victory (Levy, 1948). African Americans also suffer from segregation. â€Å"Segregation; is the practice by law or custom, of separating groups, spatially according to race, class, or ethnicity† (Segregation and Desegregation, 2001). Racial segregation began after the end of slavery, when new laws barred blacks from many occupations, restricted voting rights, and designated separate public facilities for black and white populations (Segregation and Desegregation, 2011). Segregation existed somewhat differently in the North and the South of the country. Different conditions in the North and South led to different kinds of social organization among African communities (Segregation and Desegregation, 2011). â€Å"Segregation in a legal sense began with laws separating blacks and whites in education† (Segregation, 2010). Although blacks paid taxes as whites, they did not receive funding for their schools and they had to rely on church and missionary organizations to create their own schools (segregation, 2010). A law that emerged was separate facilities for blacks in all areas, assigning African Americans a separate and degraded status in transportation, dining, places of entertainment, and even in cemeteries (Segregation, 2010). The customs and laws associated with segregation created a deeply entrenched culture of white supremacy, which radicalized every aspect of life in the South. The laws prevented blacks and whites from joining together in union meetings, political-reform organizations, or on a social level, thus creating a one-party (Democratic) â€Å"solid South† impervious to change. African Americans continually resisted segregation and white supremacy but with few Southern white allies (Segregation, 2010). The Civil Right Movement The biracial system in the South kept many African Americans impoverished and disenfranchised, it also created conditions that facilitated the development of a strong black middle class and cultural institutions. Black schools and especially the black church enabled the development of African American leadership, and became the base of the Civil Rights Movement. In the North, however, were run by white teachers and administrators and did not foster racial pride as many did in the South. For Northern blacks, then, civil rights issues focused on discrimination and unequal access rather than formal desegregation. In the South, the Civil Rights Movement focused primarily on ending segregation (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). The Civil Rights Movement emerged in the 1950s, when the number of middle-class and skilled blacks was almost forty percent of the Southern black population. The earliest victory came in 1954, when the U. S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education, that racially â€Å"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal† (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). The following year the court ordered that African Americans can attend to white school. The school systems did not accepted this and reacted with violence that the federal military often had to go to the schools and protect the black children who attempt to attend school (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). Because of this events the â€Å"Court-ordered desegregation prompted â€Å"white flight† from public schools in many areas, as families with the financial resources to do so enrolled their children in private schools or moved to mostly-white suburban school districts† (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a middle-aged black seamstress boarded a Montgomery, Alabama bus to take her home. Several stops later the bus driver requests her to give up her sit to a white passenger. She refuses, the bus driver called the police and she was arrested. At the Police Station she told the officer â€Å"I didn’t think I should have to stand up, after I had paid my fare and occupied a seat I didn’t think I should have to give it up† (Levy, 1998). The effort to abolish other forms of segregation, initiated in 1955 when seamstress Rosa Parks refused to relinquish her seat in the white section of a Montgomery bus, continued through the 1960s. The movement was led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , who developed a philosophy of nonviolent activism based on principles of Christian belief and the passive resistance teachings of Indian independence leader Mahatma Gandhi and American philosopher Henry David Thoreau†(Segregation and Desegregation 2011). Martin Luther King, Jr. as the most prominent leader of the civil rights movement for equal rights for African Americans that took place during the 1950s and 1960s. Martin Luther King first became aware of racial segregation when, at the age of six, a white friend was not allowed to play with him anymore. Throughout his childhood and young adulthood he experienced segregation and racism: he and his family were required to sit in separate places in stores and on buses. King and other black children could not use the same swimming pools or public parks as white children (Martin Luther King Jr. 009). In 1954, Martin Luther King took a job as pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to yield her seat to a white man, the Montgomery civil rights community decided to hold a bus boycott to get rid of the law that black passengers had to sit at the back of the bus and yield seats to white passengers. They also decided to form a new organization and elect a new leader to include all the different people and groups who supported the boycott. King was asked to lead this new organization, the Montgomery Improvement Association, and he agreed (Martin Luther King Jr. 2009). African American had struggled through time fighting for their rights. They had come a long way obtaining the same rights as every other citizen in the United States. African Americans finally can walk freely in the country they had overcome adversity. Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks are only few that had help on the civil right movement and these people had been very important in history to abolish Segregation.

Political Parties And The American Revolution - 1024 Words

Political parties, created by the American Revolution leaders, emerged in the 1790’s. George Washington, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson were the four most prevalent figures in leadership during this time. Even before the creation of parties, there were strong feelings against them. George Washington stated in his Farewell Address to avoid parties because they would create factions. Factions are a group or clique within a larger group, or the government in this case. James Madison, who was known as the â€Å"Father of the Constitution†, was against political parties, but he believed they were necessary in government. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were wholly against political parties, yet they created the first two parties in existence. The Federalist, led by Hamilton, and the Democratic- Republicans, led by Jefferson, ultimately started America’s two party system of government. Through time, the Federalists vanished as a party, mostly due to Hamilton’s death, and the Democratic- Republicans split into separate entities. To this day, partisans of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party fundamentally run America. Partisans are people who strongly support a group, cause, or party. The partisans, or politicians, in these two parties set the future for the American government everyday. America’s two party system of government should be brought to an end. Political parties have continuously caused problems, especially in recent years. Whether itShow MoreRelatedThe President Of The United States945 Words   |  4 Pagesquiet event in the stillness of the morning was one of the most profound events in political history and an example of the uniqueness of the American system of government. The peaceful transfer of power. Jaffa (CP 72) explains that the decision to rule based on a free election by a whole people was a foreign idea before the American Revolution. 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