Body, Perception and Identity in ‘the Birthmark’ and ‘Hands’

Social sciences have often dealt with the relationship between a person’s body figure and his or her self-image. In this respect, the sociologist Carolina Gonzalez Laurino (2008: 23) claims that â€Å"la construccion social de la identidad se encuentra en estrecha relacion con la auto-percepcion del cuerpo. † However, the image an individual has of his or her own figure may be affected by other people’s perception. In the case of â€Å"The Birthmark,† by Nathaniel Hawthorne and â€Å"Hands,† by Sherwood Anderson, the body plays a central role because it determines the characters’ identities and the way they interact with others. It is the purpose of this essay to explore the ways in which the characters of Georgiana and Wing construct and alter their identity and self-image by the way in which their anatomies are described and treated by others. In â€Å"The Birthmark,† Georgiana’s self-image undergoes two major changes under the influence of male perception. At first, some of her lovers admire the birthmark: â€Å"Many a desperate swain would have risked his life for the privilege of pressing his lips to the mysterious hand. (Hawthorne 284) For this reason, Georgiana believes that the mark on her left cheek is a feature of which she should be proud. Later, however, this view of her mark changes due to the influence of her husband’s words and actions: after asking Aylmer about the words he uttered in his sleep and seeing his reaction –â€Å"Aylmer sat in his wife’s presence with a guilty feeling† (Hawthorne 286) – Georgiana urges Aylmer to remove the birthmar k no matter the consequences: â€Å"let the attempt be made at whatever cost† (Hawthorne 286). Gradually, she starts to feel her husband’s hatred herself, and this repulsion is intensified to the point in which she would rather die than carry on living with the mark: â€Å"for life, while this hateful mark makes me the object of your horror and disgust, – life is a burden which I would fling down with joy† (Hawthorne 286). In Sherwood Anderson’s story, the main character’s life is dramatically changed by the community’s perception of his hands. As a young man, he has a positive view of his hands because they are the means through which he expresses himself: â€Å"By the caress that was in his fingers he expressed himself. † (Anderson 31-32) However, when the community in Pennsylvania turns against him, the way in which they talk about the hands changes his perception of that part of his body: â€Å"Although he did not understand what had happened he felt that the hands must be to blame. Again and again the fathers of the boys had talked about the hands. † (Anderson 33). As a result, Wing constantly tries to conceal his hands, and every time he speaks to George, he tries to occupy them in some insignificant activity so as to prevent them from expressing something undesirable. However, one afternoon, when Wing is talking to the young reporter, he loses control of his hands for a moment and they move freely and caress the boy. This situation deeply disturbs Biddlebaum: â€Å"With a convulsive movement of his body, Wing Biddlebaum sprung to his feet and thrust his hands deep into his trouser pockets- Tears came to his eyes† (Anderson 30). Furthermore, the fear he feels because of what his hands may be capable of causing changes his personality from a confident, sociable member of the community to that of a timid man who chooses to isolate himself. This significant change is also reflected by the fact that he moves to a different city and changes his last name to Biddlebaum. In this regard, the effect that the perception of the community of Winesburg has is shown by the part they take in the creation of his new identity: â€Å"[the hands’] restless activity (†¦) had given him his name† (Anderson 28). From the aspects analyzed above, it can be concluded that the image each of these characters has of him or herself is greatly influenced by other people’s perception. The way in which either their whole bodies or parts of them are viewed affects who they – believe – they are and the way they interact with those around them.

How Africans Americans Have Worked to End Isolation Essay

Africans had fought very hard to obtain equal rights in the United States. After the civil war the country begin their journey in America History with period known as Reconstruction (Bowls 2011, 1. 1). There are several reasons why the nation went to war, and one of the most important was the right to continue the practice of slavery. From 1865 to the present, African Americans have worked to end their isolation through legislation, protest, and major contributions to society. In 1863 President Abraham Lincoln signs the Emancipation Proclamation. This proclamation did not free the slaves but it was the first step toward making this a reality (Bowles, 2011, 1. 1). The proclamation would only apply only to states in rebellion. The Emancipation proclamation is one of those stupendous facts in human history with marks not only an era in the progress of the nation, but an approach in history of the world (Journal of Blacks pg. 108-109). The civil war did not bring an end to racial hatred and violence in the south. Neither military leaders nor politicians can change the ingrained cultural beliefs of the people (Bowles, 2011 1. para10). After 1865 slavery could no longer structure relations between the races (1999, Segregation and Desegregation). The Black Codes codified some of these feelings when 1865 southern states government created legislation that restricted and control the lives of the ex-slaves (Bowel 2011 1. 1 para10). The Black Codes restricted African Americans to married other than their own race, they could not carried guns, they could only work on farms, and if they did not follow this rules they could put in jail or put them to enforced work which was the same as slavery (Bowles, 2011 1. para10). The president at the time supported this codes which made more difficult the lives of the ex-slaves. Meanwhile, many blacks who enlisted in the military encountered blatant discrimination while in the service and, them after risking their lives for the preservation of the free world, retuned to a society that continued to deem them second-class citizens (Levy, 1998). The only significant racial reform enacted by the federal government in the decade after the end of World War 11 was the desegregation of the armed forces order by President Truman in 1948. To some blacks, even this represented a pyrrhic victory (Levy, 1948). African Americans also suffer from segregation. â€Å"Segregation; is the practice by law or custom, of separating groups, spatially according to race, class, or ethnicity† (Segregation and Desegregation, 2001). Racial segregation began after the end of slavery, when new laws barred blacks from many occupations, restricted voting rights, and designated separate public facilities for black and white populations (Segregation and Desegregation, 2011). Segregation existed somewhat differently in the North and the South of the country. Different conditions in the North and South led to different kinds of social organization among African communities (Segregation and Desegregation, 2011). â€Å"Segregation in a legal sense began with laws separating blacks and whites in education† (Segregation, 2010). Although blacks paid taxes as whites, they did not receive funding for their schools and they had to rely on church and missionary organizations to create their own schools (segregation, 2010). A law that emerged was separate facilities for blacks in all areas, assigning African Americans a separate and degraded status in transportation, dining, places of entertainment, and even in cemeteries (Segregation, 2010). The customs and laws associated with segregation created a deeply entrenched culture of white supremacy, which radicalized every aspect of life in the South. The laws prevented blacks and whites from joining together in union meetings, political-reform organizations, or on a social level, thus creating a one-party (Democratic) â€Å"solid South† impervious to change. African Americans continually resisted segregation and white supremacy but with few Southern white allies (Segregation, 2010). The Civil Right Movement The biracial system in the South kept many African Americans impoverished and disenfranchised, it also created conditions that facilitated the development of a strong black middle class and cultural institutions. Black schools and especially the black church enabled the development of African American leadership, and became the base of the Civil Rights Movement. In the North, however, were run by white teachers and administrators and did not foster racial pride as many did in the South. For Northern blacks, then, civil rights issues focused on discrimination and unequal access rather than formal desegregation. In the South, the Civil Rights Movement focused primarily on ending segregation (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). The Civil Rights Movement emerged in the 1950s, when the number of middle-class and skilled blacks was almost forty percent of the Southern black population. The earliest victory came in 1954, when the U. S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v. Board of Education, that racially â€Å"separate educational facilities are inherently unequal† (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). The following year the court ordered that African Americans can attend to white school. The school systems did not accepted this and reacted with violence that the federal military often had to go to the schools and protect the black children who attempt to attend school (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). Because of this events the â€Å"Court-ordered desegregation prompted â€Å"white flight† from public schools in many areas, as families with the financial resources to do so enrolled their children in private schools or moved to mostly-white suburban school districts† (Segregation and Desegregation 2011). On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks, a middle-aged black seamstress boarded a Montgomery, Alabama bus to take her home. Several stops later the bus driver requests her to give up her sit to a white passenger. She refuses, the bus driver called the police and she was arrested. At the Police Station she told the officer â€Å"I didn’t think I should have to stand up, after I had paid my fare and occupied a seat I didn’t think I should have to give it up† (Levy, 1998). The effort to abolish other forms of segregation, initiated in 1955 when seamstress Rosa Parks refused to relinquish her seat in the white section of a Montgomery bus, continued through the 1960s. The movement was led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. , who developed a philosophy of nonviolent activism based on principles of Christian belief and the passive resistance teachings of Indian independence leader Mahatma Gandhi and American philosopher Henry David Thoreau†(Segregation and Desegregation 2011). Martin Luther King, Jr. as the most prominent leader of the civil rights movement for equal rights for African Americans that took place during the 1950s and 1960s. Martin Luther King first became aware of racial segregation when, at the age of six, a white friend was not allowed to play with him anymore. Throughout his childhood and young adulthood he experienced segregation and racism: he and his family were required to sit in separate places in stores and on buses. King and other black children could not use the same swimming pools or public parks as white children (Martin Luther King Jr. 009). In 1954, Martin Luther King took a job as pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. In 1955, after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to yield her seat to a white man, the Montgomery civil rights community decided to hold a bus boycott to get rid of the law that black passengers had to sit at the back of the bus and yield seats to white passengers. They also decided to form a new organization and elect a new leader to include all the different people and groups who supported the boycott. King was asked to lead this new organization, the Montgomery Improvement Association, and he agreed (Martin Luther King Jr. 2009). African American had struggled through time fighting for their rights. They had come a long way obtaining the same rights as every other citizen in the United States. African Americans finally can walk freely in the country they had overcome adversity. Martin Luther King and Rosa Parks are only few that had help on the civil right movement and these people had been very important in history to abolish Segregation.

Political Parties And The American Revolution - 1024 Words

Political parties, created by the American Revolution leaders, emerged in the 1790’s. George Washington, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and Thomas Jefferson were the four most prevalent figures in leadership during this time. Even before the creation of parties, there were strong feelings against them. George Washington stated in his Farewell Address to avoid parties because they would create factions. Factions are a group or clique within a larger group, or the government in this case. James Madison, who was known as the â€Å"Father of the Constitution†, was against political parties, but he believed they were necessary in government. Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson were wholly against political parties, yet they created the first two parties in existence. The Federalist, led by Hamilton, and the Democratic- Republicans, led by Jefferson, ultimately started America’s two party system of government. Through time, the Federalists vanished as a party, mostly due to Hamilton’s death, and the Democratic- Republicans split into separate entities. To this day, partisans of the Democratic Party and the Republican Party fundamentally run America. Partisans are people who strongly support a group, cause, or party. The partisans, or politicians, in these two parties set the future for the American government everyday. America’s two party system of government should be brought to an end. Political parties have continuously caused problems, especially in recent years. Whether itShow MoreRelatedThe President Of The United States945 Words   |  4 Pagesquiet event in the stillness of the morning was one of the most profound events in political history and an example of the uniqueness of the American system of government. The peaceful transfer of power. Jaffa (CP 72) explains that the decision to rule based on a free election by a whole people was a foreign idea before the American Revolution. 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The Legalization Of Physician Assisted Suicide - 1984 Words

Anthony Zhang 4.29.15 Period 3B Living in Pain or Death with Dignity The legalization of physician assisted suicide (PAS) in Oregon in 1994 changed the face of the argument between those who believe in death with dignity and those who believe in letting nature take its course. It was a major victory for PAS advocates as the first state in America had legalized PAS in the country’s history. In 2008, the neighboring state of Washington followed suit with a similar law and legalized PAS by a 58-42 margin. Vermont legalized it in 2013. PAS has also been decriminalized in the state of Montana. The assisted suicide of a 29-year-old Oregon woman with terminal brain cancer named Brittany Maynard in late 2014 brought light to the debate again.†¦show more content†¦Forcing terminally ill patients to suffer straight up to their last days is unacceptable and provisions can be made in order to allow competent patients to have a choice at the end of their lives. With a mere four states out of fifty in the nation allowing PAS, terminally ill patients with fewer than six months left to live will relocate to Oregon, Washington and Vermont in order to have their wish to end their lives fulfilled (as only legal residents of each state can get PAS). These are people who may be barely able to walk, bedridden, or on their last limbs. One could hardly call them fit for long-distance travel and relocation yet their desperation and desire to end their pain attracts them to the geographic extremes of the United States. Having laws as such force terminally ill patients and their families to leave their homes into an unfamiliar place in order to watch their loved one pass away at their fingertips. According to the San Jose Mercury News, No one should have to leave their home and community for peace of mind, to escape suffering and to plan for a gentle death.† Out of the complications that a person who is on his deathbed may encounter en route to a h ospital hundreds or even thousands of miles away from home, the most pitiful one is the pain. The pain

The Dangers Of Adolescent Depression - 1248 Words

Adolescent depression is considered a mental and emotionally disorder that is on the rise among adolescents. Although this depression is treated the same medically as in adults, symptoms that adolescents suffer from manifest by a variety of different factors. â€Å"Peer pressure, sports, changing hormone levels, developing bodies, awkward tendencies, and a host of other factors can carry many ups and downs for teenagers. However, these ups and downs can be signs of depression.† Unfortunately, it seems that early signs of depression in adolescents may continue to follow an individual into adulthood. According to the article â€Å"Low and Decreasing Self-Esteem during Adolescence Predict Adult Depression Two Decades Later† authors Steiger, Andrea E., Allemand, Mathias, Robins, Richard W., Fend, Helmut A argued that self-esteem is defined as an individual’s overall interpretation of their worth. 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Journal Comment for Article review on Dementia Care-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theJournal Comment for Article review on Dementia Care. Answer: Dementia Care in New Zealand The introductory statement of the article is striking as it projects the alarming situation of New Zealand population in terms of dementia. Although the year projection is much late, however, estimations of the number of people to be affected by dementia is huge, that is, 50,000. This is because the people along with their family are the victims of stress, which has degraded the quality of their lives (Bishop et al., 2015). This stress has compelled them to suffer from memory loss in terms of the personal recreation. Studies in this regard points out the scenario of care giving within the family as well as outside. Research about dementia has projected the evidence of using databases for recording the medication provided to the patients. Effective utilization of the database has resulted in the technological advancement of the hospitals, care homes and other medical institutions. Latest and technological machines are being used for curing the patients from dementia. This has upgraded the quality of the business procedures of the hospitals, care homes and the medical institutions and companies (Perkins, 2014). Telephonic interventions are an attraction in this direction, as it establishes a stable communication between the patients and the hospital staffs. Countering this, now social media has taken over the telephones. The ease of the patients to take suggestions from the doctors through online means is the typical evidence of the widespread benefits of the social media. Along with this, print media can also be placed with the social media in terms of altering the lifestyle of the patients. Now, they can themselves cure their disease at home by following the home remedies printed in the magazines, newspapers and webpage (Brooker Latham, 2015). Herein lays the appropriateness of the development in every field of science as a whole. Data collection of the family members and the interventions helps the scientists and the researchers to deduce relevant conclusions and recommendations towards effective care of dementia. Here, one of the promising discoveries is that FITT-C intervention gives a bounce to the mood of the individuals, lessening the feeling of burden. Six months of continuous evaluation is the typical component behind this discovery by the scientists. According to the other specifications of the discovery, the intervention proves effective in healing the distressed minds of the persons as well as their family members (Dewing Dijk, 2016). In view of this discovery, stress can be accounted as one of the behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. Liberal approach of the scientists in terms of data collection has generated an urge among the managers of Rhode Island Hospital Institute to give approval in one chance. Countering this odd selection of the samples involved high risk of conflicts and biasness for deducing the results. As a matter of specification, the samples consisted of the caregivers, who were experienced in dealing with the patients suffering from depression, exhaustion, sadness, and conflicts among others. Along with this, they also had to provide diagnosis to a dementia patient either from a psychologist, neurologist or geriatrician prior to the commencement of their practice (Perkins, 2014). Here, the exclusion criteria included lack of telephonic access, lack of fluency in English; lower marks in the Mini Mental State Examination; not covering the age limitations. The specifications of the interventions deviate from the actual requirements; however, it enhances the preconceived notions of the readers regarding the qualifications of the caregivers in terms of providing care to the dementia patients. Specifications in the results, if published in the magazines, newspapers and web pages alarms the general public in terms of taking preventive measures to systematize their lifestyle. These preventive measures, if taken with rationality, would nullify the estimations projected by the scientists (Bishop et al. 2015). References Bishop, D., Bryant, K., Davis, J., Fortinsky, R., Gozalo, P., Grover, C., Ott, B., Papandonatos, G., Sang Yue, M., Tremont,G. (2015). Psychosocial telephone intervention for dementia caregivers: A randomized, controlled trial. Alzheimers And Dementia, 11(5), 541-548. Retrieved from: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2014.05.1752 Brooker, D., Latham, I. (2015). Person-centred dementia care: Making services better with the VIPS framework. Jessica Kingsley Publishers. Dewing, J., Dijk, S. (2016). What is the current state of care for older people with dementia in general hospitals? A literature review. Dementia, 15(1), 106-124. Perkins, C. (2014). Dementia-what you need to know: A guide for people with dementia, and their caregivers. Auckland, NZ: Random House. ISBN: 9781775534822

The Cave and the Matrix Essay Example For Students

The Cave and the Matrix Essay Movie critics and philosophers alike agree that the movie The Matrix is indeed based upon certain Platonic themes from Book VII of The Republic. In this story entitled The Allegory of the Cave, he describes a dark underground cave where a group of people are sitting in one long row with their backs to the caves entrance. Chained to their chairs from an early age, all the humans can see is the distant cave wall in from of them. The shadows of statues held by unseen puppet handlers reflect on the walls from the light of a fire that is also out of sight of those in the cave. The theme of the allegory is that their reality is a poor copy of the real world. According to Plato, our world is nothing but shadows, imperfect manifestations of the forms. Similar to the prisoners of the cave, the humans trapped in the matrix (the cave) only see what the machines (the modern day puppet-handlers) want them to see. They are tricked into believing that what they hear in the cave and see before them is the true reality that exists. Furthermore, they accept what their senses are telling them and they believe that what they are experiencing is all that really existsnothing more. The movie not only incorporates these same ideas, the story line of the movie parallels that of the allegory. The most important character is who Plato calls the Philosopher or the Intellectual. In the allegory, Plato hypothesizes that one of the prisoners eventually be released or escape from his chains and flee the cave. The philosopher/intellectual would then be able to see the real objects as well as the puppet-handlers who are holding these objects. In the movie, The Matrix this scene directly parallels with Neos scene in the matrix pod. Looking around in shock, Neo sees, for the first time, his true surroundings. He is actually living in a human factory. At first, Plato says that the Freed Prisoner would be confused at what he saw. As for Neo, when he is finally confronted with the truth surrounding the matrix, he is in a state of confusion and denial. In fact, he is so overwhelmed that he throws up and passes out. Plato wrote that the Freed Man might even feel that what he was seeing now was the illusion and the shadows on the wall were actually more real. There is a line in the movie where Cypher tells Trinity, I think the matrix can be more real than this world. Plato also goes on to suggest that the freed prisoner would not only be shock over the realization of his true existence, but that he would suffer physical pain. Like Neo, who says I cant go back, can I? the freed prisoners first reaction would be to return to false reality because it is less painful and more familiar to him. Plato wrote that the Philosopher must have started to question what he saw in front of him and wondered about the origin of the shadows and if there was anything else beyond the cave wall that he saw before him. The only way that a prisoner is able to escape is because he made a choice, wanting to learn the truth. This appears in the movie when Morpheus tells Neo, Youre here because you know something. What you know you cant explain. But you feel it. Youve felt it your entire life. That theres something wrong with the world. You dont know what it is but its there, like a splinter in your mind driving you mad. It is this feeling that has brought you to me. According to Plato, enlightenment would come to one from being taken out of the cave, and thrust into the light of the real world. He writes that this would not be an easy transition and that the bright and good light of the Sun would seem blinding at first. When Neo first awakes and escapes from the slime pod, he asks why his eyes are sore and is told that he has never really used them before, meaning he has never seen reality. .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53 , .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53 .postImageUrl , .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53 , .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53:hover , .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53:visited , .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53:active { border:0!important; } .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53:active , .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53 .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua936212d5cf1e6c907882ab3359d7e53:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Holden Essay We will write a custom essay on The Cave and the Matrix specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now